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Research Outline
Prepared for Ann S. | Delivered May 24, 2020
QT Interval Prolongation: Medication
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Goals
To obtain a list of all medications that prolong QT interval in order to determine which drugs can interact with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin.
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Early Findings
Overview
This document,
updated on May 24, 2020, provides a compilation of the drugs associated with QT prolongation.
According to
Dr Ed Burns
, an emergency physician at
P
r
e
h
o
s
p
i
t
a
l
and Retrieval Medicine in Sydney, Australia, the drugs that cause QT prolongation are categorized as follows:
a
n
t
i
p
s
y
c
h
o
t
i
c
s
, type IA
a
n
t
i
a
r
r
h
y
t
h
m
i
c
s
, type IC
a
n
t
i
a
r
r
h
y
t
h
m
i
c
s
, class III
a
n
t
i
a
r
r
h
y
t
h
m
i
c
s
,
t
r
i
c
y
c
l
i
c
antidepressants, and other antidepressants.
This spreadsheet
prepared by the research team can be used to populate the drugs and a brief description for each.
QT Interval Prolongation
QT interval prolongation
can be caused by certain drugs/medication. TdP is an
abnormal heart rhythm
, which can cause death. The drugs that prolong the QT interval and TdP are presented in several sources.
According to the
US Pharmacist
, these drugs are described in five different categories: antiarrhythmic agents, antimicrobial agents,
a
n
t
i
p
s
y
c
h
o
t
i
c
agents, antihistamines, antidepressants, and others. Examples of each category are provided below.
Antiarrhythmic
agents include
q
u
i
n
i
d
i
n
e
,
d
i
s
o
p
y
r
a
m
i
d
e
, and
p
r
o
c
a
i
n
a
m
i
d
e
, thought to induce TdP as well. The prolonged interval is dependent on the serum level.
Antimicrobial
agents include
c
i
p
r
o
f
l
o
x
a
c
i
n
,
l
e
v
o
f
l
o
x
a
c
i
n
,
g
a
t
i
f
l
o
x
a
c
i
n
, and
m
o
x
i
f
l
o
x
a
c
i
n
. These are the most common.
A
n
t
i
p
s
y
c
h
o
t
i
c
agents include
t
h
i
o
r
i
d
a
z
i
n
e
,
z
i
p
r
a
s
i
d
o
n
e
, and
d
r
o
p
e
r
i
d
o
l
. Similar to the antiarrhythmic agents, these drugs work by blocking the
I
K
r
potassium channels.
Antihistamines
include
l
o
r
a
t
a
d
i
n
e
,
f
e
x
o
f
e
n
a
d
i
n
e
, and
c
e
t
i
r
i
z
i
n
e
. These drugs are new versions and do not demonstrate the risk demonstrated by previous drugs in this category that were banned in the US market.
Antidepressants
include
h
a
l
o
p
e
r
i
d
o
l
, and
d
r
o
e
r
i
d
o
l
.
Those that do not fall in the categories above include
c
i
s
a
p
r
i
d
e
, arsenic, and methadone.
Summary of our Early Findings
Our initial one-hour research was able to identify various sources that provide a list of these drugs/medication. Our research provides insights from no less than four sources.
Our continued research will focus on three different research paths outlined below. Simply select all those that would be relevant to you and your research team will provide a comprehensive research brief.
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