UK

• In the UK, SMEs and large companies can claim up to 33% and 11% respectively for every £1 spent on qualifying R&D activities.
• This allows SMEs R&D to "deduct an extra 130% of their qualifying costs from their yearly profit, as well as the normal 100% deduction, to make a total 230% deduction, and claim a tax credit if the company is loss-making, worth up to 14.5% of the surrenderable loss."
• A link for more guidance on this scheme can be found here.

Canada

• Through the Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) Program, the Canadian government offers Canadian-controlled private corporations either a refundable investment tax credit (ITC) at the enhanced rate of 35% or a non-refundable ITC at the basic rate of 15% on qualified SR&ED expenditures of $3 million.
• However, Canadian-controlled private companies that qualify as a corporation can earn a "refundable ITC at the basic rate of 15% on any amount over $3 million, and 40% of the ITC can be refunded."
• "Individuals (proprietorships) and trusts can earn a refundable ITC at the basic rate of 15% on qualified SR&ED expenditures. They first must apply the ITC against tax payable before the CRA can refund 40% of the unclaimed balance of ITCs earned in the year."
• According to the Canadian government, foreign companies (including the UK) can be eligible for the R&D tax relief scheme on the following basis:
• "Through a Canadian subsidiary of a foreign parent — a Canadian subsidiary, performing eligible R&D work in Canada for itself or on a contractual basis for the foreign-owned parent."
• "Through a Canadian-controlled private corporation (CCPC) — a foreign corporation can establish a corporation in Canada that may qualify as a CCPC."
• A link to the official web page of this scheme can be found here.