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Research Outline
Prepared for Sophia R. | Delivered March 27, 2020
How to Treat Trichothecenes in Animals
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Goals
To learn more about treatment options for domesticated animals affected by trichothecenes, especially those with respiratory exposure.
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Early Findings
Treatment Options
Stoppage of exposure
Cutting off exposure
can prevent further growth of
t
r
i
c
h
o
t
h
e
c
e
n
e
concentration in the animal, ensuring less severe side-effects and more successful treatment in the animal.
Activated Charcoal
Use of
activated charcoal
is recommended for
t
r
i
c
h
o
t
h
e
c
e
n
e
toxins that were taken through the mouth.
Activated charcoal works by adsorbing the toxin in the gastrointestinal tract and preventing it from causing damage to the animal’s cells.
D
e
x
a
m
e
t
h
a
s
o
n
e
Laboratory studies have shown that the survival rate in affected animals that were treated with
d
e
x
a
m
e
t
h
a
s
o
n
e
is greater than
50%
.
This should be administered at a dose of
1mg/kg
at
12, 24 and 48
hours after the first dose.
Magnesium
S
u
l
p
h
a
t
e
Use of
magnesium
s
u
l
p
h
a
t
e
has been shown to be helpful in managing acute cases of
t
r
i
c
h
o
t
h
e
c
e
n
e
toxicity in pigs.
This treatment is more effective when used together with activated charcoal.
De-Epoxidation
This involves the use of an enzyme derived from bacteria to
d
e
-
e
p
o
x
i
d
i
z
e
the
t
r
i
c
h
o
t
h
e
c
e
n
e
. The chemical structure of
t
r
i
c
h
o
t
h
e
c
e
n
e
s
is made up of the 12,13-epoxy-trichothec-9-ene nucleus. The 12,13-epoxide ring is responsible for their toxicity and damages to cells.
D
e
-
e
p
o
x
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
is the degradation of the
t
r
i
c
h
o
t
h
e
c
e
n
e
’s
e
p
o
x
i
d
e
group.
The process by which this occurs is called
b
i
o
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
and
d
e
o
x
y
n
i
v
a
l
e
n
o
l
is converted to
d
e
e
p
o
x
y
d
e
o
x
y
n
i
v
a
l
e
n
o
l
.
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